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1.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 17(4): eAO4905, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To compare analgesia and opioid consumption for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty with preoperative posterior quadratus lumborum block with patients who did not receive quadratus lumborum block. Methods The medical records of patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty between January 1st, 2017 and March 31, 2018 were reviewed, and 238 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid consumption in the first 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative, post anesthesia care unit, and 48-hour opioid consumption, postoperative pain Visual Analog Scale scores, and post-anesthesia care unit length of stay. Primary and secondary endpoint data were compared between patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty with preoperative posterior quadratus lumborum block with patients who did not receive quadratus lumborum block. Results For the patients who received quadratus lumborum block, the 24-hour total oral morphine equivalent (milligram) requirements were lower (53.82mg±37.41), compared to the patients who did not receive quadratus lumborum block (77.59mL±58.42), with p=0.0011. Opioid requirements were consistently lower for the patients who received quadratus lumborum block at each additional assessment time point up to 48 hours. Pain Visual Analog Scale scores were lower up to 12 hours after surgery for the patients who received a posterior quadratus lumborum block, and the post-anesthesia care unit length of stay was shorter for the patients who received quadratus lumborum block. Conclusion Preoperative posterior quadratus lumborum block for primary total hip arthroplasty is associated with decreased opioid requirements up to 48 hours, decreased Visual Analog Scale pain scores up to 12 hours, and shorter post-anesthesia care unit length of stay. Level of evidence: III


RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a analgesia e o uso de opioides em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril primária com bloqueio pré-operatório do quadrado lombar posterior e pacientes que não receberam o bloqueio do quadrado lombar. Métodos Revisamos os prontuários de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril unilateral entre 1º de janeiro de 2017 e 31 de março de 2018, e 238 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O desfecho primário foi o consumo de opioides no pós-operatório nas primeiras 24 horas. Os desfechos secundários foram consumo de opioide no intraoperatório, na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica e nas primeiras 48 horas, escores de Escala Visual Analógica de dor pós-operatória, e tempo de permanência na recuperação pós-anestésica. Os desfechos primário e secundários foram comparados entre os pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril primária com bloqueio pré-operatório do quadrado lombar posterior e aqueles que não receberam o bloqueio do quadrado lombar. Resultados Para o grupo que recebeu o bloqueio, as doses totais de morfina por via oral em 24 horas foram menores (53,82mg±37,41) em comparação ao grupo sem bloqueio (77,59mg±58,42), com p=0,0011. A utilização de opioides foi consistentemente menor para o grupo que recebeu o bloqueio em cada tempo adicional de avaliação até 48 horas. Os escores da Escala Visual Analógica até 12 horas após a cirurgia para os pacientes que receberam o bloqueio do quadrado lombar posterior e o tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica foram menores para o grupo que recebeu o bloqueio. Conclusão O bloqueio anestésico do quadrado lombar posterior para artroplastia total do quadril primária está associado à diminuição do uso de opioides nas primeiras 48 horas, diminuição do escore de dor da Escala Visual Analógica em até 12 horas, e menor tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Nível de evidência: III


Subject(s)
Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/etiology , Time Factors , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Retrospective Studies , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Perioperative Period/methods , Pain Management , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Spinal , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Nerve Block/methods
2.
Jordan Medical Journal. 2013; 47 (2): 151-154
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-139640

ABSTRACT

This study was to evaluate the transversus abdominis plane block for treating pain after inguinal hernia repair operations. This study included 60 patients who were allocated into 2 groups in a random manner r: group b [transversus abdominis plane block,30 patients received transversus abdominis in addition to an intravenous single-injection of morphine 5 mg] and group m [control group, 30 patients received morphine 5mg intravenously]. The patients' degrees of pain were evaluated postoperatively. There were 60 patients, 30 in each group. Postoperatively, pain scores were significantly less in group b than group m. Transversus abdominis block given before operation improves postoperative pain after inguinal hernia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Random Allocation , Analgesics, Opioid , Patient Satisfaction , Pain Measurement
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(3): 244-250, Mar. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617964

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The pathophysiology of abnormalities associated with myenteric plexus lesions remains imperfectly understood. Such abnormalities have been correlated with subocclusive intestinal conditions in children with Hirschsprung's disease, cases of chronic constipation and, postoperatively, in cases of anorectal anomalies. This study evaluated abnormalities of the myenteric plexus in fetus from female rats that received ethylenethiourea. METHODS: Female rats were exposed to ethylenethiourea on the 11th day of pregnancy (experimental group) or to 0.9 percent physiological solution (control group). Abnormalities were only found in the experimental group. The digestive tract muscle layer was analyzed morphometrically and changes to the frequencies of nerve plexus cells and interstitial cells of Cajal were evaluated, using hematoxylin-eosin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and C-Kit, respectively. RESULTS: Muscle and skeletal abnormalities were observed in 100 percent, anorectal anomalies in 86 percent, absent tail in 71 percent, short tail in 29 percent, duodenal atresia in 5 percent, esophageal atresia in 5 percent and persistent omphalomesenteric duct in 5 percent. Histopathological analysis showed a thinner muscle layer associated with lower frequencies of ganglion cells and interstitial cells of Cajal, in all gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION: Severe nerve plexus abnormalities associated with muscle layer atrophy were observed throughout the gastrointestinal tract in newborn rats exposed to ethylenethiourea.


OBJETIVO: As anomalias associadas a lesões dos plexos mioentéricos permanecem sem plena compreensão da sua fisiopatologia. Alterações nos plexos nervosos têm sido correlacionadas com quadros suboclusivos intestinais em crianças portadoras de doença de Hirschsprung, em constipação crônica e no pós-operatório de anomalias anorretais. Este estudo avaliou as anomalias do plexo mioentérico em fetos de ratos fêmea que ingeriram etilenotioureia (ETU). MÉTODOS: Ratos fêmea foram expostos no 11º dia de gestação a ETU 1 por cento no Grupo Experimento e a solução fisiológica 0,9 por cento no Grupo Controle. Foram observadas anomalias apenas no Grupo experimento, sendo realizada morfometria da camada muscular e avaliadas alterações da frequência celular nos gânglios do plexo mioentérico e nas células intersticiais de Cajal (CIC) utilizando hematoxilina-eosina, P S-100, Enolase Neurônio Específica e C-KIT. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas anomalias musculoesqueléticas (100 por cento), anorretais (86 por cento), ausência de cauda (71 por cento), cauda curta (29 por cento), atresia duodenal (5 por cento), atresia esofágica (5 por cento) e conduto onfalomesentérico persistente (5 por cento). A análise histopatológica mostrou adelgaçamento da camada muscular associada às alterações da frequência das células ganglionares e das CIC em todos os segmentos do trato gastrointestinal. CONCLUSÃO: Foram observadas alterações graves nos plexos nervosos associadas ao adelgaçamento da camada muscular de todo o trato gastrointestinal nos fetos expostos a ETU.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Digestive System Abnormalities/chemically induced , Ethylenethiourea/toxicity , Muscular Atrophy/chemically induced , Myenteric Plexus/abnormalities , Pregnancy/drug effects , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Animals, Newborn , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Disease Models, Animal , Digestive System Abnormalities/classification , Digestive System Abnormalities/pathology , Fetus/drug effects , Ganglia/cytology , Interstitial Cells of Cajal/cytology , Muscular Atrophy/pathology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Staining and Labeling/methods
4.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 23(2): 223-228, Apr.-June 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-468067

ABSTRACT

The motor endplates are dynamic structures that present a high degree of plasticity which does not stop with the cessation of development, but lasts throughout life. The present study describes the ultrastructural aspects that characterize this junction renewal process in the oblique abdominal muscles of aged rats (18-24 months). About 50% of the motor endplates studied presented reorganization characteristics such as shallow primary clefts without an axonal terminal, free junctional folds, axon terminals with few synaptic vesicles and presenting pleomorphic structures, large junctional folds containing collagen, and cytoplasmic projections of Schwann cells penetrating the primary synaptic cleft. These aspects are similar to those previously described in adult rats during retraction and degeneration of the axon terminal. Although less frequent, further evidence included the presence of small nerve terminals rich in vesicles, covered by a common Schwann cell and associated with closely packed junctional folds. This last characteristic was associated with nerve sprouting and occupation of the synaptic cleft with new nerve endings. The results of this study are discussed in view of the pertinent literature and we conclude that the plasticity phenomenon of the motor endplate is present throughout life and is more frequent and intense in old animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Rats , Aging , Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure , Muscle Denervation , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Neuromuscular Junction , Neuronal Plasticity , Neuromuscular Junction/cytology , Rats, Wistar
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Cir. Plást., (1986) ; 5(2/3): 70-4, 1990. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-115661

ABSTRACT

Os autores estudam a inervaçäo do músculo retoabdominal em 10 cadáveres näo fixados, analisando o ponto de penetraçäo dos nervos na estrutura muscular, tendo em vista sua utilizaçäo em cirurgias de reconstruçäo mamária. É analisada a controvérsia existente na literatura, quanto ao local de penetraçäo dos nervos no musculo, que justificasse a conservaçäo do segmento lateral do mesmo, visando preservaçäo de sua funçäo na porçäo inferior à linha arqueada


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Abdominal Muscles/anatomy & histology , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Aged, 80 and over , Cadaver
6.
Rev. bras. ciênc. morfol ; 2(2): 48-54, jul.-dez. 1985. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-35239

ABSTRACT

O músculo reto abdominal porçöes superior e inferior, e o músculo oblíquo externo, foram estudados eletromiograficamente em 20 indivíduos adultos. Os potenciais de açäo foram registrados por um eletromiógrafo TECA TE 2.7, contendo 4 canais. Eletrodos de superfície foram utilizados para captar os potenciais de açäo. Cada indivíduo executava uma série de exercícios em diversas posiçöes: ortostática, de decúbito dorsal, de decúbito dorsal apoiado no ante-braço e sentado. Os músculos reto abdominal e oblíquo externo estiveram presentes com atividade intensa na maioria dos exercícios, principalmente nos exercícios em decúbito dorsal


Subject(s)
Humans , Abdominal Muscles/innervation , Electromyography
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